[PDF] Stress, the Autonomic Nervous System, and the Immune-kynurenine Pathway in the Etiology of Depression | Semantic Scholar (2024)

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The interesting fact is that not only can direct anti-inflammation treatment improve neuroinflammation, but so can stress reduction or pharmacological antidepressants, and this presents the direction of future development of stress-related neuro inflammation drugs.

This work comprehensively summarizes studies that have employed retrograde tracing to define neurocircuits linking the brain to the bone marrow, spleen, gut, adipose tissue and liver and outlines the neural circuits through which the CNS regulates immune cell function in peripheral tissues in response to stress.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the current knowledge on the role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of depression and to demonstrate neuroprotective role of autoreactive and regulatory T cells in prevention of depression.

The recognition of the neuroimmune imbalances and the restoration of the Yin-Yang dynamical balances need to become a high priority toward the development of dynamical systems medicine for psychiatric diseases including depression and schizophrenia.

The present review gathers autonomic disturbances, the impaired kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia, and the effects of kynurenic acid pathway on autonomic functions and the possible therapeutic options are discussed.

The ability of melatonin to suppress inflammatory responses through immunological and non-immunological actions, thus influencing neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, along with subsequent alterations in brain regions that are implicated in depression, can be demonstrated by the antidepressant-like effects ofmelatonin.

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The vulnerability-stress-inflammation model matches with this view as stress may increase proinflammatory cytokines and even contribute to a lasting proinflammatory state.

There has been convincing evidence that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), glucocorticoids, and CAs—as well as other products of the stress system—influence the immune response both at their baseline levels and/or at elevated levels observed during stress.

The immuno-modulatory properties of vitamin D receptor (VDR) suggest that vitamin D is an attractive and plausible candidate in spite of controversial findings, and further research investigating the role of VDR in mood disorders is warranted.

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